In 2023, Spain witnessed a significant development in trademark publications, highlighting specific trends and keywords. Through an extensive exploration of trademarks across the nation and in the 10 most populous cities, valuable insights were gathered.

Overall Trend in Spain: The research found that the most common keywords for trademark creation in Spain for 2023 were 'Casa', 'Club', 'Barcelona', 'Group', 'Madrid', 'Home', 'Real', 'Grupo', 'Solutions', and 'Pro'. Certain keywords like 'club', 'solutions', 'group', etc., are universally popular, showing a consistency in branding strategies.

City-Wise Analysis: 1. Barcelona Region (17.3% share): Within the Barcelona region, including a 15.8% share by Barcelona city, the top keywords were 'Barcelona', 'Freixenet', 'Unno', 'World', and 'Casa'. These reflect the city's identity and some local businesses. 2. Madrid Region (23.9% share): Madrid city alone claimed 23.3% of trademark publications with prominent keywords like 'Madrid', 'Fertiberia', 'Care', 'World', and 'Memoria'. These terms emphasize the city's cultural and business facets. 3. Valencia Region (6.22% share): Valencia, including 5.8% by the city alone, showcased keywords such as 'Valencia', 'Grupo', 'Prime', 'Terra', and 'Forno', highlighting its rich heritage and economic focus. 4. Sevilla: With keywords like 'Sevilla', 'Club', 'Musical', 'Casa', and 'Beach', Sevilla's trademarks represent its vibrant cultural life and coastal attractions. 5. Zaragoza: Zaragoza's trademarks included 'Emotion', 'Ignacio', 'Tabuenca', 'Ladera', and 'Patrimonio', reflecting an emotional connection with local names and cultural heritage. 6. Bilbao: In Bilbao, keywords such as 'Bilbao', 'Icons', 'Quantum', 'Awards', and 'Urban' depicted a city that values innovation and urban aesthetics. 7. Malaga: Malaga's trends included 'Art', 'Pienso', 'Bar', 'Malaga', and 'Marbella', highlighting its artistic scene and tourist destinations. 8. Las Palmas de Gran Canaria: Keywords like 'Canarias', 'Canary', 'Matilde', 'Siento', and 'Botanicals' emphasize the city's island culture and natural beauty. 9. Palma in Baleares: In Palma, 'Hotels', 'Mallorca', 'Resorts', 'Travel', and 'Club' resonate with its tourism industry. 10. Murcia: Finally, Murcia's keywords were 'Link', 'Prima', 'Opera', 'Levante', and 'Rocket', possibly alluding to technology, cultural events, and regional aspects. This research provided a unique insight into the regional identities and industry focuses across Spain. With visualizations like a map and word cloud, it was possible to see a clear pattern of geographical influence in trademark publication. This study also opens a dialogue on how businesses are aligning their branding strategies with regional characteristics and global trends, fostering a nuanced understanding of Spain's economic landscape in 2023.